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Shakti Peethas

Shakti Peethas are sacred sites that are presided over by goddesses. These goddesses are considered to be the form of Shakti but many of them are tied to the local folklore or tradition. Each Shakti Pitha has its own unique folklore and regional traditions. There are various texts stating different numbers of Shakti Peethas in the Indian subcontinent, eighteen among them are referred to as the major sites, called Astadasha Maha (major). While some of these Shakti Pitha shrines have been around for centuries or even millennia, others have only recently been built or renovated.

 

In Hindu legends, Shakti Peethas acquire their origins in the narrative of Daksha's Yagya. The father of Sati, Daksha, is said to have arranged a yagya. However, he did not invite Lord Shiva to the yagya because of his dislike for him. When Sati, Shiva's wife, learned about the yagya, she decided to attend the yagya against the advice of Shiva. When Sati arrived, she had to endure Daksha's insults directed at Shiva. Unable to bear the humiliation, Sati committed suicide by humping into the yagya fire. After the death of Sati, Shiva carried her corpse and roamed around the world in grief. This caused a cosmic imbalance and to restore that, Vishnu cut off the corpse of Sati and to calm Shiva down. Her body parts fell on the earth and became sacred sites, now worshipped as the different form of the Shakti.

Goddess in the Astadasha Maha Shakti Peethas

According to Adi Shankaracharya's Asta Dasha Shakti Peethas Stotram (hymns of praise), the revered sacred sites known as the Astadasha Maha Shakti Peethas, or the eighteen Major Shakti Pithas, are tied to the goddess Sati. These sites are of great spiritual significance in Hinduism and draw pilgrims seeking blessings. 

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1. Shankari

The Shakti Peetha is located in Trincomalee, Sri Lankan. It is thought to be the location of Goddess Sati's groin. There is little information about the goddess iconography because the original temple was destroyed by Portuguese invaders. However, a popular internet calendar image of the goddess depicts her with eight hands carrying a chakra, stick, mace, beads, sword, bow, and trident, as well as one hand in the Abhay mudra.

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4. Chamundeshwari

The Shakti Peeth is located in the Mysuru region of Karnataka, where Sati's hair had fallen. The goddess is a form of Chamunda or Mahishasurmardini, depicted with eight hands carrying a sword, a dagger, a serpent, a trident, a bowl, a bell, a shield, and a damaru.

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7. Mahalakshmi

The Shakti Peeth is located in Kolhapur, Maharashtra, where Sati's eye had fallen. The presiding goddess is Mahalakshmi, also called Ambabai.  She is depicted with four hands holding a citron, mace, shield, and drinking vessel, as well as Linga and Yoni adorning her head. 

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10. Puruhutika

The Shakti Peeth is located in Pithapuram, Andhra Pradesh. Sati's Back had fallen here. The name of the residing goddess, Puruhutika, means, "The one who is worshipped by Lord Indra". The goddess is shown with four hands carrying a bag of seeds, an axe, a lotus and a bowl.

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13. Kamakhya

The Shakti Peeth is located in Guwahati, Assam where Sati's womb had fallen. The shrine is also one of the most revered centres of Tantric traditions. The goddess Kamakhya is regarded as the goddess of desire and a form of the goddess Kubjika or goddess Kali. She is depicted with twelve arms, six heads of varying colours and seated upon a lotus coming out from the navel of Shiva, who in turn lies atop a lion. She carries a lotus, trident, sword, bell, discus, bow, arrows, club, goad, bowl, shield and one hand in Abhaya mudra. 

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16. Mangalagauri

The Shakti Peeth is located in Gaya, Bihar where Sati's breast had fallen. Mangla Gauri, a form of Parvati, is the governing deity who is worshipped as goddess of benevolence.

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2. Kamakshi

The Shakti Peethas is situated in Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu. The navel of Sati is believed to have fallen at this location. The presiding goddess Kamakshi is a form of Lalita, popularly portrayed with four arms carrying a goad, a noose, a cane, and a bouquet of flowers. (Read: Mahavidya). Her earlier form represents her as a fierce goddess. She has a black complexion and has four arms, carrying a noose, goad, bowl, and shows the abhaya mudra. She is seated on three severed heads.

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5. Jogulamba

The Shakti Peeth is located in Alampuram, Telangana, where Sati's teeth had fallen. The goddess is also known as Yogamba, which means "Mother of Yogis." She is shown naked and seated on a corpse, with a skull, scorpion, bat, owl, and lizard on her head. She has a frightening appearance, with a stretched tongue and sharp protruding canines. She has four hands carrying Akshamala, a sword, an axe, and a drinking vessel.

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8. Ekvira

The Shakti Peeth is located in Mahur, Maharashtra, where Sati's left hand had fallen. The presiding goddess Ekvira is a form of Renuka, a goddess who is predominantly worshipped in Maharashtra and the South Indian states. (Read: Regional Goddesses)

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11. Biraja

The Shakti Peeth is located in Jajpur, Odisha. Sati's back had fallen here. The goddess who resides in the Shakti Peeth is depicted as Mahishasurmardini. She has two hands and holds a trident in her right hand while lifting the tail of the buffalo demon with her left hand. She has Ganapati, yoni, linga, crescent moon, and the serpent on her head.

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14. Madhaveswari

The Shakti Peeth is located in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh where Sati's fingers had fallen. Madhaveshvari, a form of Lalita, is the governing goddess. In this temple, there is no deity idol or yantra; instead, a wooden carriage is worshipped as the Goddess's seat.

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17. Vishalakshi

The Shakti Peeth is located in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, where Sati's noses had fallen. Vishalakshi, which means "one with large eyes," is the ruling goddess. She is depicted standing in tribhanga posture with four hands holding water lilies with Ganesha and Shiva in the upper hands, as well as a rosary and a kamandal in the lower hands. 

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3. Shrinkala

According to the Stotram, the Shakti Peeth is located in Pradyumna, West Bengal, where Sati's stomach had fallen. There is currently no shrine at the location mentioned; instead, ruins of what was once the temple can be found. The goddess is depicted holding a goad, a noose, and two hands in the Abhaya and Varada mudras.

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6. Bhramarambika

The Shakti Peeth is located in Srisailam, Andhra Pradesh, which is also one of the twelve Jyotirlingas temples. Sati's neck had fallen on this site. Bhramaramba, also called Bhramari, is a form of shakti associated with bees and wasps. The goddess residing in the Shakti Peeth is depicted in the form of Mahishasurmardini, with eight hands carrying various attributes and slaying Mahisasura. (Read: Durga)

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9. Mahakali

The Shakti Peeth is located in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh. Sati's elbow had fallen here. The presiding goddess is Mahakali. (Read: Kali)

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12. Manikyamba

The Shakti Peeth is located in Draksharamam, Andhra Pradesh. Sati's left cheek had fallen here. The goddess     Manikyamba is depicted with two hands holding a lotus and one hand in Abhaya mudra.

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15. Jwalamukhi

The Shakti Peeth is located in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh where Sati's head had fallen. The goddess Jawalamukhi is worshipped in the form of flames that emerge from the rock crevices in the shrine.

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18. Sharada

The Shakti Peeth is in Sharda, Kashmir, where Sati's right hand fell. The ruling goddess is Sharada, a form of Saraswati or Parvati. She is the goddess of learning, and it is said that on the ninth day of the seventh month of the year, Ashwin, which falls in Sharada (autumn), she enlightened other deities, earning her the name Sharada. She appears as a fierce goddess with three eyes and six arms. She carries Shakti (weapon), a bow, an arrow, a bell, a pot of gemstones, and a pot of nectar. Her mount is a lion.

Goddesses in
the list of 20 Shakti Peethas

Following is the list of the Goddess worshipped at each location, that are mentioned as Shakti Peethas in Sankara Samhita of Sri Skanda Purana.

  • Sankari - Lanka

  • Simhika - Simhala

  • Manika - Dakshavati

  • Shadkala - Peethapuram, Andhra Pradesh

  • Bhramaramba - Srisailam

  • Vijaya - Vijayapura

  • Mahalakshmi - Kolhapuri

  • Padmakshi Renuka - Kawadepuri

  • Kamakshi - Kanchipuram

  • Kuchananda - Salagrama

  • BirajaJajpur, Odisha

  • Sarala -Jhankad, Odisha (Read: ...)

  • Bhadreshwari - Harmyagiri

  • Mahakali - Ujjayini

  • Vindhyavasini - Vindhya mountains

  • Mahayogi - Ahicchatra

  • Kanyaka - Kanya Kubja

  • Vishalakshi - Kashi

  • Saraswati - Kashmira

  • Abhirami - Padmagiri, Dindigul

Goddesses in the list of
52 Shakti Peethas (Devi Purana)

1. KamakshiKanchipuram, Tamil Nadu

2. Indrakshi/ Nagapooshani -Jhankad, Odisha

3. Mahishmardini - Naina, Pakistan

4. Sunanda - Sugandha, Bangladesh

5. Mahamaya - Amarnath, India

6. Jwalamukhi (Siddhida) - Kangra, Himachal Pradesh

7. Ambaji - Anart, Gujarat

8. Mahashira - Kathmandu, Nepal

9. Dakshayani - Tibet

10. Biraja - Jajpur, Odisha

11. Gandaki Chandi Mustang district of Nepal

12. Bahula -Ketugram, West Bengal

13. Mangal Chandika - Burdwan, West Bengal

14. Tripura Sundari - Udaipur, Tripura

15. Bhawani - Chittagong, Bangladesh

16. Bhraamari - Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal

17. Kamakhya - Guwahati, Assam

18. Jugaadya - Burdwan, West Bengal

19. Kalika - Kalighat, Kolkata

20. Lalita - Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh

21. Jayanti - Bourbhag village, Bangladesh

22. Vimla - Murshidabad, West Bengal

23. Vishalakshi & Manikarni - Kashi, Uttar Pradesh

24. SarvaniKanyakumari, Tamil Nadu

25. Savitri -Kurukshetra, Haryana

26. Gayatri - Ajmer, Rajasthan

27. Mahalakshmi - Sylhet, Bangladesh

28. Devgarbha - Kangra, Himachal Pradesh

29. Kali - Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh

30. Narmada - Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh

31. Shivani - Chitrakuta, Uttar Pradesh

32. Uma - Vrindavan, Uttar Pradesh

33. Narayani Shuchitirtham, Tamil Nadu

34. Varahi - Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh

35. Arpana - Bogra, Bangladesh

36. Shrisundari - Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh

37. Kapalini - Medinipur, West Bengal

38. Chandrabhaga - Junagadh district, Gujarat

39. Avanti - Bhairav hills near Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh

40. Bhramari - Nasik, Maharasthra

41. Rakini or Vishweshwari - Rajamundry, Andhra Pradesh

42. Ambika - Bharatpur, Rajasthan

43. Kumari - Hooghly district, West Benga

44. Uma - Darbhanga, Bihar

45. Kalika - Nalhati, West Bengal

46. Jayadurga - the place is not known

47. Mahishmardini - Birbhum, West Bengal

48. Jashoreshwari - Shyamnagar, Bangladesh

49. Phullara - Labhpur, West Bengal

50. Nandini - Sainthia, West Bengal

51. Kottari/ Hinglaj - Lasbela district of Balochistan, Pakistan

52. Danteshwari - Dantewada, Chhattisgarh

108 Shakti Peethas in Devi Bhagavad Purana

In Devi Bhagwat, there are references to 108 Shakti Peethas. In contrast to other lists, the goddesses are listed with their seats instead of the location of the shrines. Following is the list composed by Veda Vayas: 

(Source: 108 Shaktipeeth according to Goddess Bhagwat. Mission Kuldevi)

  1. Varanasi – Vishalakshi

  2. Naimisharanya – Lingadharini

  3. Prayag – Lalita

  4. Gandhamadana - Kamuki

  5. Dakshinmanas – Kumuda

  6. Uttarmanas – Vishwakama

  7. Gomant – Gomti

  8. Mandar - Kamcharini

  9. Chaitrarath – Madotkata

  10. Hastinapur – Jayanti

  11. Kanyakubj – Gauri

  12. Malay - Rambha

  13. Ekagra - Kirtimati

  14. Vishwa – Visveshwari

  15. Pushkar – Puruhuta

  16. Kedar - Sanmargadayin

  17. Himavatprshth – Manda

  18. Gokarna – Bhadrakarnik

  19. Sthaneshwar – Bhavani

  20. Bilvak – Bilvapatrika

  21. Srilash – Madhavi

  22. Bhadreshwar – Bhadr

  23. Varahshail – Jaya

  24. Kamalaya - Kamala

  25. Rudrakoti - Rudrani

  26. Kaarlajar – Kali

  27. Shalagram – Mahadevi

  28. Shivling - Jalapriya

  29. Mahalinga – Kapila

  30. Makot – Mukuteshwari

  31. Mayapuri – Kumari

  32. Santāna – Lalitambika

  33. Gaya – Mangala

  34. Purushottam – Vimla

  35. Sahastraksha - Utpalakshi

  36. Hiranyaksha - Mahotpala

  37. Vipasha – Amoghaakshi

  38. Pundravardhan – Patla

  39. Suparshva – Narayani

  40. Trikatu – Rudrasundari

  41. Vipul - Vipula

  42. Malayachal – Kalyani

  43. Sahyadri – Ekvira

  44. Harishchandra - Chandrika

  45. Ramteerth – Ramani

  46. Yamuna – Mrigavati

  47. Kotitirtha – Kotvi

  48. Madhuvan – Sugandha

  49. Godavari – Trisandhya

  50. Gangadwar – Ratipriya

  51. Shivkund – Shubhananda

  52. Devikatat – Nandini

  53. Dvaravati – Rukmani

  54. Vrindavan – Radha

55. Mathura – Devaki

56. Paataal – Parameshvari

57. Chitrakut – Sita

58. Vindhya – Vindhyavasini

59. Karveer – Mahalakshmi

60. Vinayak – Umadevi

61. Vaidyanath – Arogyaa

62. Mahakal – Maheshwari

63. Ushnatirth – Abhaya

64. Vindhya Parvat – Nitamba

65. Mandavya – Mandavi

66. Maheshwaripur – Swaha

67. Chagland - Prachanda

68. Amarkantak – Chandika

69. Someshwar – Vararoha

70. Prabhas – Pushkaravati

71. Saraswati – Devamata

72. Taat – Parawara

73. Mahalaya – Mahabhaga

74. Payoshni – Pingleshwari

75. Tshauch - Sinhika

76. Karthik – Atishankari

77. Utpalaavartak (Catalyst) – Leela (Iron)

78. Shonasangam – Subhadra

79. Siddhavan – Lakshmi

80. Bharatashram – Ananga

81. Jalandhar – Visvamukhi

82. Kishkindha Parvat – Tara

83. Devdaruvan – Pushti

84. Kashmir Mandal – Medha

85. Himadri – Bhimadevi

86. Visvesvara – Tushti

87. Shankhodwar - Dhara

88. Pindaraka – Dhriti

89. Chandrabhaga – Kala

90. Achhod – Shivdharini

91. Veena – Amrita

92. Badri – Urvashi

93. Uttarkuru – Oshadhi

94. Kushdweep – Kushodka

95. Hemkoot – Manmatha

96. Kumud – Satyavadini

97. Ashwattha - Vandaniya

98. Kuberalaya - Nidhi

99. Vedvadan – Gayatri

100. Shivsannidhi – Parvati

101. Devlok – Indrani

102. Brahmamukh – Saraswati

103. Suryabimb (Sun Ray) - Prabha (Light)

104. Maatrmadhy – Vaishnavi

105. Satimadhya – Arundhati

106. Shtrimadhya – Tilottama

107. Chitramadhya – Brahmakala

108. Sharwa Prani Warga (All beings) - Shakti

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