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Sanamahism

Sanamahism is an ethnic religion practiced by the Meithi people of Manipur, India. It is also known as Meiteism or Lainingthouism and is a polytheistic religion named after the God Lainingthou Sanamahi. Sanamahism is one of the region's oldest religious traditions, dating back to before Hinduism arrived.

The veneration of deities, including goddesses, is significant in culture. They are believed to be the embodiment of various aspects of nature but they are also linked to legends and folktales. In Sanamahism, deities are classified into four types: significant gods, ancestral spirits,  family deities, and regional deities. Umang Lais are regional deities who are commonly considered as incarnations of major gods. All deities are referred to as "Lai," while male deities are referred to as Lainingthou or Epa, while female deities are referred to as Lairembi or Ema. Numerous religious texts and folklore in the Sanamahism religion refer to hundreds of deities and celestial creatures. Most of the goddesses in the pantheon are considered to be incarnations of Leimarel Sidabi, the supreme goddess. Following is a list of some notable goddesses:

  • Leimarel Sidabi: She is the Meitei pantheon's foremost female deity. She is the goddess of earthly things, nature, and household. She is revered as the mother of every living creature and she has taken various goddess forms. 

  • Emoinu/ Imoinu Ahongbi: She is a manifestation of Leimarel Sidabi and the goddess of the home, the family, and the accumulation of wealth.

  • Irai Leima/ Ereima: She is the goddess of water, and daughter of Salailen, the sky God.

  • Lairik Leima: She is the goddess of wisdom, learning, and intelligence. She is shown holding Puyas, an ancient manuscript, in her left hand.

  • Konthoujam Tampha Lairembi: She is the consort of Salailen, the sky god, and the mother of Khoriphaba.

  • Chang Ning Leima: She is the consort of Khoriphaba, the prince of the sky god.

  • Khamnung Kikoi Louonbi: She is the goddess of death who carries people's souls to the underworld. 

  • Thongak Lairembi: She is the goddess who guards the entrance of the underworld kingdom.

  • Panthoibi: She is the goddess of civilization, courage, fertility, warfare, and wisdom.

  • Yumjao Leima: She is the goddess of royalty, power, and household.

  • Khunu Leima, Nganu Leima, and Shapi Leima are three sisters who married the same mortal man. Khunu Leima is the goddess of pigeons and doves, and Nganu Leima is the goddess of ducks and waterfowl. While Shapi Leima is associated with rodents.

  • Kounu: She is the guardian goddess of Northern direction, climate, and weather. She is Koupalu's consort and the mother of God Loyalakpa and Goddess Nungthel Leima.

  • Nungthel Leima: She is the adopted daughter of God Koupalu and Goddess Kounu, and she is revered as the first citizen's goddess.

  • Laikhurembi: She is the queen of the underworld and the goddess of justice, and divine law and order.

  • Leima Lainaotabi: She is the goddess of magic, sorcery, and witchcraft.

  • Ngaleima: She is the goddess of the fishes and the aquatic life.

  • Nongthang Leima: She is the goddess of enchantment, seduction, thunder and lightning.

  • Phouoibi: She is the goddess of agriculture, crops, and fertility.

  • Thumleima: She is the goddess of salt and salt wells.

  • Hikubi Yaikubi: She is the goddess of treasure, gems, and wealth.

  • Koujeng Leima: She is the consort of God Koupalu and one of the nine Laibenthous, goddesses who took part in the God festival.

  • Ichum Lairembi: She is a goddess worshipped in the Khurkhul region of Manipur.

  • River Goddesses: 

    • Thongjarok Lairembi of Thongjaorok River

    • Iril Lairembi of Iril River

    • Imphal Turel Lairembi of Imphal River

    • Kongba Turel Lairembi of Kongba River

  • Lake Goddesses: 

    • Loktak Lairembi of Loktak Lake

    • Pumlenpat Lairembi of Pumlenpat Lake

  • Market Goddesses: 

    • Pishum Keithel Lairembi of Pishumthong Market Region

    • Singjamei Keithel Lairembi of Singjamei Market Region

    • Kongba Keithel Lairembi of Kongba Market Region

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